- Pastoralism was the main occupation of the Banyankole and they kept long horned cattle mainly dominated by the Bahima.
- The Bairu also carried out cultivation and mainly grew millet.
- Blacksmithing was another activity of the Banyankole and they made spears, hoes and arrows.
- Trade was also carried out and they exchanged commodities like ivory with their neighbours and with coastal Arabs.
- Carpentry was also carried out by the Banyankole and they made very beautiful wooden pots, dishes and other items.
