Apart from waterfall, state other features or characteristics of a river at its youthful (upper) stage

Apart from waterfall, state other features or characteristics of a river at its youthful (upper) stage

  • The river valley is narrow and from V-shaped.
  • The gradient of the river valley is steep, hence rapids and cataracts.




  • Erosion is more active that deposition.
  • The river bed has depressions called pot-holes.
  • Interlocking spurs are common.
  • Deep valleys called gorges are common.
  • The river has small volume of water and little load.
  • Vertical erosion is more active than lateral erosion.

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