- Heavy rainfall: When there is an excessive amount of rain in a short period of time, it can cause rivers to overflow and flood nearby areas.
- Snow melting: When snow melts, it can cause rivers to rise and flood nearby areas.
- Obstructed or damaged river channels: When river channels are obstructed or damaged, they may not be able to carry water away from populated areas, causing flooding.
- Urbanization: Urbanization can increase the risk of river flooding, as paved surfaces do not allow water to seep into the ground and instead direct it towards rivers and streams.
- Deforestation: Deforestation can increase the risk of river flooding, as trees absorb and slow down water, preventing it from reaching rivers too quickly.
- Dams and levees: Dams and levees can cause river flooding if they are not properly maintained or are overwhelmed by heavy rainfall or snowmelt.
- Storm surge: When a storm brings in high tides, it can cause a surge of water to flow into rivers, leading to flooding.
- Earthquakes: Earthquakes can cause landslides and alter the course of rivers, leading to flooding.
- Land subsidence: Land subsidence, or the sinking of land, can cause rivers to rise and flood nearby areas.
- Human activities: Human activities such as irrigation, mining, and deforestation can all increase the risk of river flooding.
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