- Availability of social amenities such as schools and health centres. There are so many institutional settlements like schools, universities and hospitals
- The presence of an industrial plant or water and rich agricultural land.
- Limitation of building land leading to clustering of buildings in one place.
- Security concerns especially in banditry –prone areas.
- Availability of resources such as minerals – the mining at Magadi in Kenya, Mwadui in Tanzania and Kasese in Uganda is responsible for the population
