The following were the effects of Portuguese on the spread of Islam at east African coast
- Destruction of towns
- Destruction of Muslim infrastructures
- Moral decay
- Forced Muslim to convert to Christianity
- Introduced Christianity
- Expelled Arabs from the coast
- They were poor and arrogant administrators
- Destruction of Swahili culture
- Destruction of trade
- Introduction of heavy taxes
- Destroyed Islamic eating methods
- Divide and rule
- Destruction of Swahili culture
- Destruction of Sharia law
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