- Stiff competition from imported milk and milk products and from alternative land uses e.g. horticulture, tea and coffee
- High incidences of pests and diseases e.g. ticks, foot and mouth, rinderpest that reduce the quality of dairy cattle thus low milk yield
- High costs of farm inputs has limited and minimized the mechanization of the dairy farms.
- Poor management of dairy cooperatives results to misappropriation of funds leading to delayed payments that lowers the farmers’ initiatives.
- Prolonged and abrupt droughts that lower the quality/quantity of pasture resulting to low yields.
- Poor roads that is impassable during the rainy season. This leads to delays in delivery of milk to the creameries
